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ConclusionInnovation can be defined as both a static and dynamic characteristic involvingchange, creativity, invention, commercialization, and entrepreneurship. Itencompasses changes in products/services, processes, paradigms, andpositions. Innovation involves transforming ideas into useful outcomes, utilisingnew knowledge to offer desired products/services, and successfully adoptingnew ideas. Frugal innovation, a novel concept, emphasises simplicity, resourceconstraints, and sustainability. Different definitions and measurementapproaches exist, with organisations such as the OECD and Eurostat providingframeworks for measuring innovation.Design thinking is a systematic and holistic approach to problem-solvingand innovation. It involves a sequence of interactions, including empathisingwith users, defining the problem, ideating potential solutions, prototyping,testing with users, and implementing the refined solution. Design thinkingpromotes creativity, a user-centric approach, customer engagement, problemsolving, and collaboration. Its benefits include fostering innovation, generatinguser satisfaction and loyalty, and addressing complex challenges effectively. Design is in everything and is the basis for how a product or service is formed.In the age of climate crisis, the design thinking process should be changed todesign thinking for sustainability %u2013 design for a better world.Self-check exercises1. Innovation is only about creating completely new products or services.TrueFalse2. Design thinking is a linear process with fixed steps that must be followed in order.True False1333.2 Innovations and Design ThinkingNOYESNOYES