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skills, and expertise, and foster a collective intelligence and harnesses thepower of collective creativity;%u25aa An iterative and agile approach encourages an iterative and agile mindsetby rapid prototyping, testing, and learning from feedback, and by allowing forquick validation of ideas, identification of flaws or improvements, andsubsequent refinements;%u25aa Risk mitigation helps mitigate risks associated with developing newproducts or services by continuously testing and refining ideas, so thatorganisations can identify potential pitfalls or flaws early on and makenecessary adjustments;%u25aa An organisational culture and mindset can transform the organisationalculture and mindset by encouraging a human-centred and innovative culturethat embraces experimentation, learning from failures, and continuousimprovement. Finally, the design thinking approach helps to promote the culture ofadaptability, resilience, and a willingness to challenge the status quo.The cycle of design thinking typically consists of six key stages (Curedale,2016; Ling, 2015; Mootee, 2013), which are often represented as a cyclical oriterative process. These stages are:%u25aa Empathising %u2013 the first stage involves understanding and empathising withthe people for whom you are designing.This first stage of empathising entails conducting research, observing, andengaging with users, and gaining deep insights into their needs, desires, andchallenges. The goal is to develop a deep understanding of the user%u2019sperspective and to uncover insights that will inform the design process. Thisengagement of customers leads to increased customer loyalty, as users feelvalued and heard, and their input is incorporated into the final solutions.During this stage, the main steps are: user research, creating user personas,and identifying user needs.%u25aa Defining %u2013 the second stage involves synthesising the information gatheredduring the empathy stage to define the core problem or challenge to beaddressed.This second stage involves reframing the problem statement based on userinsights, identifying opportunities for innovation, and establishing clear goalsand objectives. The defining stage helps to focus the design process onspecific user needs and ensures alignment with the desired outcomes. Duringthis stage, the main steps are: defining the problem and developing problemstatements.1243 Frugal Innovations