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EU policies for innovations and frugal innovations are focused around greenerand more sustainable European futures encompassing a %u201czero%u201d philosophy, %u201czerodeforestation%u201d products, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss toaccompany entrepreneurship and innovations beyond the European Green Deal. n 3. 2. 4. Introduction to design thinkingInnovations come from diverse sources, such as inspiration, customers, systemchange, regulations, knowledge, competitors, or a combination of these.Additionally, various tools for stimulating creativity and ideation are known inthe literature and business practices. One of them is design thinking.Design thinking is another tool in the group of systematic and structuralframeworks and brainstorming instruments that provides a holistic approach toideation, problem-solving and innovation. By focusing on users, promotingcreativity, and fostering collaboration, it empowers organisations to createmeaningful, relevant, and successful solutions in today%u2019s dynamic andcustomer-centric marketplace.Briefly, design thinking can be represented by the following sequence ofinteractions (Curedale, 2016; Ling, 2015; Mootee, 2013):Empathise (user, persona, needs) | define (problem) | ideate (brainstorming,solution) | prototype (types, effective) | test (on user, iterative design) |implement (scaling innovation, launching new products/services).Design thinking offers several benefits that can contribute to ideation,problem-solving, innovation, and overall organisational excellence and success.They can be summarised as follows: %u25aa Creativity encourages a mindset of exploration and experimentation,promotes thinking %u201cout of the box%u201d beyond traditional solutions and fosteringa collaborative environment;%u25aa A user-centric approach helps create products, services, and experiencesthat truly address the requirements and expectations of customers and leadsto higher customer satisfaction and loyalty; %u25aa Customer engagement and loyalty involves customers or usersthroughout the design process in co-creation activities, feedback sessions,and usability testing. Design thinking fosters a sense of ownership andconnection;%u25aa Problem-solving provides a structured framework for problem-solving,breaking down complex challenges into manageable parts, enabling teams toidentify root causes, define problem statements, and develop insights,helping to uncover hidden opportunities and find effective solutions;%u25aa Collaboration and cross-disciplinary teams promote multidisciplinarycollaboration by bringing together individuals from diverse backgrounds,1233.2 Innovations and Design Thinking