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the concept of European citizenship, highlighting and explaining its implicationson individual, organizational, communal, national, and global levels. Involvementin projects that promote European identity concepts, the inclusion of specificsubjects in the curriculum, engagement in research on identifying culturalfoundations, and constructing measurement tools for citizens%u2019 commitment tointernalizing and promoting European values are just a few actions where thecontribution of educational organizations is essential.This section aims to highlight different facets in projecting the concept ofEuropean citizenship. The main topics covered in the training are: the conceptof European citizenship (dimensions: identity, political rights, social rights, andcivic engagement); timeline (evolution of the concept %u2013 from Maastricht to 2023);the dilemmas of the concept (narrow vs. broad meaning); and operationalisation(competences, partnerships, projects). The conclusions address possibledirections of action for stakeholders in the educational system.Tab. 1.2.1 Characteristics of the citizenship conceptSource: adapted from LegeAZ.net, n.d.; Britannica.com, n.d.251.2 European Citizenship AspectsDefinition Characteristics HistoricalFoundationsRights ResponsibilitiesThepermanentpolitical andlegal bondbetween anindividualand aspecificstate,expressedthrough theentirety ofreciprocalrights andobligations.Belonging to acommunity; reflectedexternally, preserved, and extended whereverthe individual may be, in their country of origin, in another state, at sea, in an aircraft, or in aspacecraft; emerges incontrast to %u201cothers%u201d %u2013citizens have certainrights, duties, andresponsibilities that aredenied or only partiallyextended to aliens andother noncitizensresiding in a country.Greek model%u2013 participationand decisionmaking in thepublic life ofthe city-state;Roman model%u2013 equalitybefore thelaw.Full politicalrights,includingthe right tovote and tohold publicofficeAllegiance,taxation, andmilitary service