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                                    to final customers; franchise %u2013 uses a business model and a brand alreadyestablished on the market, paying royalties to the franchisor; agency-based %u2013a company specialised in providing non-essential services to other companies(marketing and advertising); high touch %u2013 based on human interaction, with theperceived value in the quality of the service provided and in the trust betweenthe parties (consultancy service); low touch %u2013 with minimal human interaction,it lowers costs by reducing investment in human resources (Ikea); affiliatemarketing %u2013 promotes a partner%u2019s product and receives commission on salesmade through its publicity; network marketing %u2013 multi-level marketing with apyramid structure, salespeople are commissioned, the audience is reacheddirectly by the sales team; data licensing (data selling) %u2013 sells user data foranalysis and/or advertising; (2) mixed offline-online models, such as: bricksand-clicks %u2013 an operation with an online and physical presence, the consumercan buy via the internet and collect in store; advertisement: offers freeinformation or a service to final customers and its source of revenue is the adspublished on its platform; and (3) novel and/or online models, such as: nickeland-dime %u2013 the price of its basic product is as low as possible, and all otherassociated services are charged; eCommerce %u2013 sells products in an onlinestore; drop shipping %u2013 a kind of e-commerce without stock, a virtual showcase.Products are displayed in the online shop but are delivered and invoiced to thecustomer by the suppliers. The source of revenue is commission; subscription%u2013 long-term contract in which the customer regularly pays for services, usuallya monthly fee; freemium %u2013 typical of internet products, in this business modelthe company offers something for free and charges for any extraproduct/service. There are different plans for different benefits; crowdsourcing%u2013 users contribute with the content and service provided through the platform,in collective creation (Wikipedia); aggregator %u2013 when the company sells severalservices aimed at the same niche, under the same brand and the revenuecomes from commission (Uber, Airbnb); online marketplace %u2013 an internetbased company that aggregates different suppliers who compete with eachother, usually by price. The source of revenue is the commission on eachproduct sold on its platform; peer-to-peer catalyst/platform %u2013 the two partsof a business interact directly with each other, without mediation (OLX); SAAS,IAAS, PAAS %u2013 software or platforms offered as a service. The customer paysaccording to the number of resources they use; blockchain %u2013 a digital anddecentralised database that is nobody%u2019s property, but that anyone can be partof and contribute to, as in P2P interactions.Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010) propose a useful tool for business modelling,namely the business model canvas. This instrument is largely used forbrainstorming and building the entire business model when having anentrepreneurial idea or starting a business. The business model canvas is also612.1 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Business Modelling
                                
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