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562 European EntrepreneurshipDifferent types of entrepreneurs are known, such as:Novice entrepreneurs (no previous experience) Nascent entrepreneurs (inprocess) Habitual entrepreneurs (with prior experience) Serial entrepreneurs(exit) Portfolio entrepreneurs (add) Tech entrepreneurs (technology-driven) Scalable entrepreneurs startup (rapid growth) Lifestyle entrepreneurs (lifestyleand passions, balance) Youth entrepreneurs (age) Intrapreneurs (corporate) Social entrepreneurs (cause, not for profit) Female entrepreneurs (ownership)Family entrepreneurs (ownership) Acadepreneurs (academia).n 2. 1. 2. The entrepreneurial ecosystemThe entrepreneurial ecosystem is defined as %u201ca set of stakeholders %u2013institutional, business and non-governmental organisations working toenhance entrepreneurial attitudes, activity and business excellence, interactingin a specific socio-economic context%u201d (Hadjitchoneva, 2022).The entrepreneurial context is different and complex, so each entrepreneurialecosystem is unique. It is not a replica of Silicon Valley. Various key actors andcharacteristics drive the development of any entrepreneurial ecosystem. Fig.2.1.2 shows case studies of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Israel, Ireland,Taiwan, and China.Fig. 2.1.2 Drivers of entrepreneurial ecosystemsSource: author%u2019s work based on Janssen, 2016Spigel (2015) proposes a model to understand elements and characteristics ofthe entire landscape of the entrepreneurial ecosystem on three main levels:cultural attributes, social attributes, and material attributes (Fig. 2.1.3).