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are called legislative acts. In addition, EU institutions adopt other types ofsecondary legislation including delegated and implementing acts,communications, opinions, recommendations, white and green papers, etc.Delegated acts as non-legislative acts supplement or amend certain nonessential parts of legislative acts. Implementing acts are adopted if uniformimplementation of legislative acts is required.A regulation is generally applicable, which means that its addressees are notspecified. It can be compared to a national law. Its entire text, includingannexes, is binding. It is directly applicable in each Member State without theneed to be implemented into national legislation. As a result, the regulationestablishes rights and obligations simultaneously and uniformly throughout theEU for legal entities of national law and they may invoke it directly beforenational courts or public authorities.A directive is a specific type of EU legislation that has no parallel in thestructure of sources of national law. Unlike a regulation, it is not generallyapplicable, but is addressed to the Member States. It is binding on the MemberStates with respect to the objective to be achieved. Member States have theobligation to transpose the directive into national legislation. They are, however,given discretion with respect to the form of the transposing act to be adoptedas well as with respect to the methods, e.g. through which sanctions the resultof the directive should be achieved. Unlike a regulation, a directive does notdirectly establish the rights and obligations of individuals. The rights andobligations of individuals only result from the national legislation adopted toimplement the directive. Directives, unlike regulations, serve to graduallyharmonise the national legislation of the Member States, mainly in the area ofthe internal market.EU internal market lawThe internal market serves as the basis of economic integration within the EU.For entrepreneurs, it brings benefits in the form of access to a market with morethan 450 million customers with high purchasing power. The legal regulation ofthe internal market is enshrined in the founding treaties. The TFEU defines theinternal market as an area without internal frontiers in which the free movementof goods, persons, services, and capital is ensured (Art. 26 of the TFEU). Freemovement presupposes the %u201copening%u201d of borders between Member States sothat both entrepreneurs and EU citizens can carry out economic activity thatcrosses these borders without obstacles. However, it must be said thatobstacles to free movements have largely been removed though not completely.The basic principle, thanks to which the freedoms of the internal market areensured, is the principal of non-discrimination, or national treatment. It meansthat Member States have an obligation to treat the goods, services, persons,161 Citizen Commitment