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n 1. 2. 3. Dilemmas of the conceptThe introduction of the concept of European citizenship with its numerousfacets has sparked intense debates, highlighting numerous dilemmas andcontroversies (Men%u00e9ndez, 2014; Preuss, 1995; Weiler, 1997).The first dilemma arises from the existence of both a narrow and a broadersense of the concept. Thus, the narrow meaning of the concept is derived fromthe strict official, legal, and political perspective provided by Article 20 of theTFEU: any person holding the nationality of a Member State is a citizen of theUnion. Union citizenship does not replace national citizenship but adds to it.This approach corresponds to the majority of pragmatic interventions, such asthose found on social media:%u25aa Over 90% of YouTube videos about European citizenship ask: How to getEU citizenship (Fig. 1.2.3), promote its main advantages (ability to work,travel, or study anywhere in the EU without a visa), and provide specific stepsto take (applying for citizenship in an EU country, the road towards citizenshipcan take several years; the process for citizenship varies from country tocountry %u2013 citizenship tests, language tests, and an application fee may berequired).%u25aa Similarly, the most frequently asked search engine queries involve theadvantages of the citizenship acquisition process in terms of time or ease(Fig. 1.2.3). Fig. 1.2.3 Most intensively searched aspects related to European citizenship32n How can I get Europeancitizenship?n What is the easiestcountry in Europe to get citizenship?n What counts as a European citizen?n What is the fastest citizenship to get in Europe?1 Citizen Commitment